Narcissism

What is narcissism?

Narcissism is a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. Distinguished into grandiose (overt superiority) and vulnerable (hiding insecurity behind apparent confidence). Subclinical in the general population; clinical = NPD (DSM-5).

Why does it matter?

Narcissism is linked to relationship conflict, manipulation, and toxic leadership. But in moderate doses it can support confidence and ambition.

How is it measured?

NPI (Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Raskin & Hall) — 40 or 16 items. SD3 (Dark Triad) — one of three measured traits.